Начиная с Python 3.0, при возникновении нового исключения внутри блока except перехваченное исключение автоматически сохраняется в атрибуте __context__ создаваемого исключения. В результате при выводе будут показаны оба исключения:
(most recent call last): File "test.py", line 2, in <module> 1 / 0 ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 4, in <module> raise ValueError('Zero!') ValueError: Zero!
Кроме того, вы можете явно указать причинное исключение, использовав конструкцию raise … from. Тогда в атрибут __cause__ нового исключения будет помещено исходное:
division_error = None
try: 1 / 0 except ZeroDivisionError as e: division_error = e
raise ValueError('Zero!') from division_error
(most recent call last): File "test.py", line 4, in <module> 1 / 0 ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 8, in <module> raise ValueError('Zero!') from division_error ValueError: Zero!
Начиная с Python 3.0, при возникновении нового исключения внутри блока except перехваченное исключение автоматически сохраняется в атрибуте __context__ создаваемого исключения. В результате при выводе будут показаны оба исключения:
(most recent call last): File "test.py", line 2, in <module> 1 / 0 ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 4, in <module> raise ValueError('Zero!') ValueError: Zero!
Кроме того, вы можете явно указать причинное исключение, использовав конструкцию raise … from. Тогда в атрибут __cause__ нового исключения будет помещено исходное:
division_error = None
try: 1 / 0 except ZeroDivisionError as e: division_error = e
raise ValueError('Zero!') from division_error
(most recent call last): File "test.py", line 4, in <module> 1 / 0 ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 8, in <module> raise ValueError('Zero!') from division_error ValueError: Zero!
Like a stock, you can buy and hold Bitcoin as an investment. You can even now do so in special retirement accounts called Bitcoin IRAs. No matter where you choose to hold your Bitcoin, people’s philosophies on how to invest it vary: Some buy and hold long term, some buy and aim to sell after a price rally, and others bet on its price decreasing. Bitcoin’s price over time has experienced big price swings, going as low as $5,165 and as high as $28,990 in 2020 alone. “I think in some places, people might be using Bitcoin to pay for things, but the truth is that it’s an asset that looks like it’s going to be increasing in value relatively quickly for some time,” Marquez says. “So why would you sell something that’s going to be worth so much more next year than it is today? The majority of people that hold it are long-term investors.”
Why Telegram?
Telegram has no known backdoors and, even though it is come in for criticism for using proprietary encryption methods instead of open-source ones, those have yet to be compromised. While no messaging app can guarantee a 100% impermeable defense against determined attackers, Telegram is vulnerabilities are few and either theoretical or based on spoof files fooling users into actively enabling an attack.
Библиотека Python разработчика | Книги по питону from ms